The Dividers
: HOW THE DIFFERENT STRUCTURAL PARTS ARE DESIGNATEDThe dividers are used not only for scribing circles, but also for stepping and dividing spaces equally. There is a knack in the use of the dividers, where accuracy is wanted, and where the surface is of wood. Unless the utmost care is observed, the spaces will be unequal, for the reason that the point of the dividers will sink more deeply into the wood at some places than at others, due to the uneven texture of the wood grain. It will be better to make a line lengthwise, and a cross line (A) for starting (see Fig. 54). You may then insert one point of the dividers at the initial mark (B), and describe a small arc (C). Then move the dividers over to the intersection of the arc (C) on the line, and make the next mark, and so on.
Some useful hints along this same line will be found under the chapter on Drawing, which should be carefully studied.
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95 Lintel
A horizontal member. A spanning or opening of a frame, and designed to carry the wall above it. ... Anchor Joint
This form of connection is designed for very large timbers, and where great care must be taken in making the parts fit together nicely, as everything depends on this. This style is never used where the angles are less than 45 degrees, and the dept... Braced Collar Beam
This is a modification of the last type, but is adapted for thick walls only. The tie rod braces (A, A) have to be brought down low to give a good bracing action, and this arrangement is capable of considerable ornamentation. The steeper the pit... Bridle Joints
This is a form of joint where permanency is not desired, and where it is necessary to readily seat or unseat the vertical timber. It is also obvious that the socket for the upright is of such a character that it will not weaken it to any great exten... Cogged Joints
This differs from the regular tenoning and mortising methods, principally because the groove or recess is in the form of an open gain. It is used where the member is to be inserted after the main structure is put together. <div> <table summar... Door Trim Plane
This is a tool for making mortises for butts, face plates, strike plates, escutcheons, and the like, up to a depth of 5/16, and a width of 3 inches. The principal feature in the plane is the method of mounting the cutter, which can be instantly set ... Double Tusk Tenons
The distinguishing difference between this and the preceding is in the tusk, which in this form of construction goes through the upright member, and is held by a cross key. The double tusk is intended for hard woods, and it is regarded as the fine... Framing Joints
These are the simplest form in which two members are secured together. They are used almost wholly in rafter work, and have very few modifications. The depth of the cut, for the toe of the rafter, depends on the load to be carried, and also on the d... Joggle Joint
This joint is used almost exclusively for brace work where great weight must be supported. The brace has a tenon, and the end must also be so arranged that it will have a direct bearing against the upright, which it braces and supports, or it may ... Miter Boxes
The advantages of metal miter boxes is apparent, when accurate work is required. The illustration, Fig. 267, shows a metal tool of this kind, in which the entire frame is in one solid casting. The saw guide uprights are clamped in tapered sockets in... Raised Surfaces
Fig. 133 shows it in the form of a block, simply by thickening the lower and the right-hand lines. ... Roof Pitch
In Fig. 227 draw a vertical line (A) and join it by a horizontal line (B). Then strike a circle (C) and step it off into three parts. The line (D), which intersects the first mark (E) and the angle of the lines (A, B), is the pitch. In Fig. 228 the ... Router Planes
This is a type of plane used for surfacing the bottom of grooves or other depressions parallel with the general surface of the work. The planes are made in two types, one, like Fig. 281, which has a closed throat, and the other, Fig. 282, with an... Saddle Joint
This is still another manner in which a quickly detachable joint can be constructed. The saddle may be mounted on the main base, or cut into the base piece. An infinite variety of forms of saddles are made, most of them being used in dock work, and ... Saws
As the saw is such an important part of the kit, I shall devote some space to the subject. <em>First</em>, as to setting the saw. The object of this is to make the teeth cut a wider kerf than the thickness of the blade, and thereby cause the saw to t... Shadows Cast By Moldings
Always bear in mind that a curved surface makes a blended shadow. A straight, flat or plain surface does not, and it is for that reason the concaved and the convexed surfaces, brought out by moldings, become so important. <div> <img src="/images/fi... Spur Tenon
This tenon can be used in many places where the regular one is not available. This, like the preceding, is used where the parts are desired to be detachable, and the second form is one which is used in many structures. ... Stub Tenon
This is another form of tenon which is made and designed to be used where it is in close proximity to another tenon, or where the mortises, if made full size, will weaken the member. The long tusk can be shortened, to suit the place where it project... Terms Of Angles
The relation of the lines to each other, the manner in which they are joined together, and their comparative angles, all have special terms and meanings. Thus, referring to the isometric cube, in Fig. 145, the angle formed at the center by the lines... The Dividers
The dividers are used not only for scribing circles, but also for stepping and dividing spaces equally. There is a knack in the use of the dividers, where accuracy is wanted, and where the surface is of wood. Unless the utmost care is observed, the ... The Plane
Indiscriminate use of planes should be avoided. Never use the fore or smoothing planes on rough surfaces. The jack plane is the proper tool for this work. On the other hand, the fore plane should invariably be used for straightening the edges of boa... The Rectangular Plan
In the rectangular floor plan (Fig. 222) a portion of the floor space is cut out for a porch (A), so that we may use the end or the side for the entrance. Supposing we use the end of the house for this purpose. The entrance room (B) may be a bedroom... The Reedy
Fig. 194 represents the reedy, or the bead—that is, it is made up of reeds. It is a type of molding which should not be used with any other pronounced type of molding. ... The Table Frame
When the entire table frame is assembled it will have the appearance shown in Fig. 39, and it is now ready for the top. ... Things To Avoid
Do not oscillate the saw as you draw it back and forth. This is unnecessary work, and shows impatience in the use of the tool. There is such an infinite variety of use for the different tools that there is no necessity for rendering the work of any ... Things To Avoid In Mortising
You must be careful to refrain from undercutting as your chisel goes down at the lines <em>a</em>, <em>b</em>, because if you commit this error you will make a bad joint. As much care should be exercised in producing the tenon, although the most com... Beginner Wood
In this place consideration will be given to some of the features relating to the materials to be employed, particularly with reference to the manner in which they can be worked to the best advantage, rather than to their uses. ... Drawing And Its Utility
A knowledge of drawing, at least so far as the fundamentals are concerned, is of great service to the beginner. All work, after being conceived in the brain, should be transferred to paper. A habit of this kind becomes a pleasure, and, if carried ou... House Building
House building is the carpenter's craft; cabinet-making the joiner's trade, yet both are so intimately associated, that it is difficult to draw a line. The same tools, the same methods and the same materials are employed. There is no trade more enno... How To Hold And Handle Tools
Observation may form part of each boy's lesson, but when it comes to the handling of tools, practice becomes the only available means of making a workman. Fifty years of observation would never make an observer an archer or a marksman, nor would it ... Tenoning Mortising Rabeeting And Beading
In the chapter on How Work is Laid Out, an example was given of the particular manner pursued in laying out mortises and tenons, and also dovetailed work. I deem it advisable to add some details to the subject, as well as to direct attention to some... The Carpenter And Architech
A carpenter has a trade; the architect a profession. It is not to be assumed that one vocation is more honorable than the other. A <em>profession</em> is defined as a calling, or occupation, "if not mechanical, agricultural, or the like," t... The Use Of Stains
As this subject properly belongs to the painter and decorator, it is not necessary to go into details concerning the methods used to finish off your work. As you may not be able to afford the luxury of having your productions painted or stained, eno... Things To Make
As stated in the Introductory, the purpose of this book is to show <em>how to do the things</em>, and not to draw a picture in order to write a description of it. Merely in the line of suggestion, we give in this chapter views and brief descriptions ... Tools And Their Uses
In the foregoing chapters we have referred the reader to the simple tools, but it is thought desirable to add to the information thus given, an outline of numerous special tools which have been devised and are now on the market. ... 100 Parquetry
A species of joinery or cabinet work, consisting of an inlay of geometric or other patterns, generally of different colored woods, used particularly for floors. ... 101 Peen Also Pein
The round, round-edged or hemispherical end, as at A, of a hammer. ... 102 Pendant
A hanging ornament on roofs, ceilings, etc., and much used in the later styles of Gothic architecture where it is of stone. Imitated largely in wood and plaster work. ...