Use Of Scraping Tools
When scraping is to be employed, it should be done with only those tools that are made for that purpose, i.e., Square Nose, Round Nose, Spear Point, Right and Left Skew. The handling of these tools will be found easy. The only point to remember is that they should be held flat on the tool rest and parallel to the bed of the lathe when in use.
In general practice the ordinary skew chisel should not be used as a scraping tool, for the cutting edge is not sharpened to withstand the heavy strain required by such work. Should it be necessary, however, to use a skew chisel as a scraper, the tool should be held so that the top grind is parallel to the bed of the lathe while in use.
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Sawmilling
<p>The principal saws in a mill are of three kinds, the circular, Fig. 32, the gang, Fig. 33, and the band, Fig. 34. The circular-saw, tho very rapid, is the most wasteful because of the wide kerf, and of course the larger the saw the thicker it is an... Saws
<div><img src="/images/Handwork/086-350.png" alt="Fig. 86. Hand Saw." width="350" height="117" /><br /> <br /> Fig. 86. Hand Saw.</div> <p>The object of the saw is to cut thru a piece of material along a determined line. Its efficiency depends... Scraping Tools
<p>Scraping tools are of such nature that they can only abrade or smooth surfaces.</p> <div><a href="/images/Handwork/142-148-800.png"><img src="/images/Handwork/142-148-600.png" alt="Fig. 142. Auger-Bit-File. Fig. 143. Single-Cut Blunt, Flat, Bastard ... Screws
<p>(a) <em>Wood-screws</em>, Fig. 229, may be classified by the material of which they are made; as, steel or brass. Steel screws may be either bright,—the common finish,—blued by heat or acid to hinder rusting, tinned, or bronzed. Brass s... Seasoning
<p>The seasoning of wood is important for several reasons. It reduces weight, it increases strength, it prevents changes in volume after it is worked into shape, and it prevents checking and decay. Decay can also be prevented by submergence and buryin... Sharpening Tools
<p>The <em>grindstone</em> for woodworking tools is best when rather fine and soft. The grinding surface should be straight and never concave. The stone should run as true as possible. It can be made true by using a piece of 1" gas pipe as a truing to... Speed Of The Lathe
<p>The speed of the lathe should range from 2400 to 3000 revolutions per minute when the belt is on the smallest step of the cone pulley. At this speed stock up to 3" in diameter can be turned with safety. Stock from 3" to 6" in diameter... Spindle Turning
<p>Spindle turning is the term applied to all work done on a lathe in which the stock to be worked upon is held firmly between the live and dead centers. There are two methods in common use in wood turning: first, the scraping or pattern-makers' metho... Spiral Turning
<p>Spiral turning is a subject that has received very little attention by most schools in which wood turning is taught. Spiral work is seen in antique furniture and also in the modern furniture of the present day. It seems that it takes the wheel of fa... The Care Of The Woodworking Shop
<p><em>The general arrangement of the room</em>. The important factors are the source or sources of light, and the lines of travel. The common arrangement of benches where two sides of the room are lighted, is shown in <em>a</em>, Fig. 238. By this ar... The Common Joints
<p>Wherever two or more pieces of wood are fastened together we have what is properly called joinery. In common usage the term indicates the framing of the interior wood finish of buildings and ships, but it is also used to include cabinet-making, whi... The Common Joints
<table summary="note" align="center" width="600"> <tbody> <tr> <td>Transcriber's Note: The following six pages of diagrams are as they appeared in the original book. They are of poor quality, and the page enlargements are not mu... The Lathe
<p>The sizes of turning lathes are given as 10", 12", etc. These figures denote the diameter, or size, of the largest piece of work that can be turned on them. The measurement is taken from the center point of the live center to the bed of t... To Center Stock
<p>If the wood to be turned is square or rectangular in shape the best way to locate the center is to draw diagonals across the end of the stock. The point of intersection locates the center.</a></p> <p><br /> <strong>CLAMPING STOCK IN THE L... To Figure The Diameter Of Pulleys
<p>Suppose a motor runs 1500 R.P.M. and is fitted with a 4" pulley. Suppose also, a main shaft should run 300 R.P.M.</a></p> <p> Then, 1500 : 300 :: x : 4;</a><br /> Or, 300x = 6000,<br /> x = 20, or the diameter of the large pulley on the m... Tool Processes In Face-plate And Chuck Turning
<p><a href="/images/WoodTurning/B-I--1-a.png">B-I--1-a</a>. Straight Cuts</p> <p>1. ROUGHING OFF CORNERS. (¾" GOUGE.) FIG. 14. The tool rest is set crosswise to the bed of the lathe and parallel to the face of the stock.</p> <p>Place th... Tool Processes In Spindle Turning
<p>Exercise </a><a href="/images/WoodTurning/A-I--1-a.png">A-I--1-a</a>. Straight Cuts</p> <p>1. THE ROUGHING CUT (LARGE GOUGE).</p> <p>FIG. 4. Place the gouge on the rest so that the level is above the wood and the cutting edge is tangent to the c... Types Of Wooden Structures
<p>The articles suitable to be made in wood with hand tools may for convenience be divided into four general classes: (1) Unjoined pieces; (2) board structures; (3) panel structures; (4) framed structures. A few illustrations of each class are given b... Use Of Scraping Tools
<p>When scraping is to be employed, it should be done with only those tools that are made for that purpose, i.e., Square Nose, Round Nose, Spear Point, Right and Left Skew. The handling of these tools will be found easy. The only point to remember is ... Use Of The Tools In Spindle Turning
<p>The correct use of the various tools used in spindle turning will be explained in detail as the steps are worked out in the sequence of operations on the exercises in Section A-I.</a></p> ... Wood Fastenings
<p>The following are the chief means by which pieces of wood are fastened together: nails, screws, bolts, plates, dowels, glue, hinges, and locks.</p> <h4>NAILS</h4> <p><em>Nails</em>, Fig. 226, may be classified according to the material of which t... Wood Finishing
<h4>STAINS.</h4> <p>The function of stains is to change the color, and to enchance the grain and texture of the wood. Stains may be divided into four general classes, which are not, however, entirely distinct. (1) Oil stains, (2) Water stains, (a) ma... Wood Hand Tools
<p>The hand tools in common use in woodworking shops may, for convenience, be divided into the following classes: 1, Cutting; 2, Boring; 3, Chopping; 4, Scraping; 5, Pounding; 6, Holding; 7, Measuring and Marking; 8, Sharpening; 9, Cleaning.</p> <h4>... Wood Measurements
<p>Lumber is a general term for all kinds of sawn wood. Logs may be sawn into timber, that is, beams and joists, into planks, which are 2" to 4" thick, or into boards which are from ¼" to 1¾" thick. These may be resaw... Wood Turning Tools
<p>A wood turning kit should consist of one each of the following tools. Fig. 2 shows the general shape of these tools.</a></p> <p> 1¼" Gouge</a><br /> ¾" Gouge<br /> ½" Gouge<br /> ¼" Gouge<br /...