Analysis Of Line Shading
: DRAWING AND ITS UTILITYIn the demonstration of this work I shall give an analysis of the simple lines formed, showing the terms used to designate the lines, curves, and formations, so that when any work is laid out the beginner will be able, with this glossary before him, to describe architecturally, as well as mathematically, the angles and curves with which he is working.
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89 Invected
Having a border or outline composed of semicircles or arches, with the convexity outward. The opposite of engrailed. ... 90 Inverted Arch
An arch placed with the crown downward; used in foundation work. ... 91 Keystone
The central or topmost stone, A, of an arch, sometimes decorated with a carving. ... 92 King Post
A member, A, of a common form of truss for roofs. It is strictly a tie intended to prevent the sagging of the tie beam, B, in the middle. If there are struts, C, supporting the rafters, D, they extend down to the foot of the King Post. ... 93 Label
The name given to the projecting molding, A, around the top of the door opening. A form of mediæval architecture. <div> <img src="/images/fig94_104.jpg" alt="Fig. 94.-Fig. 104." title="" height="640" width="109"> </div> ... 94 Louver
The sloping boards, A, set to shed rain water outward in an opening of a frame, as in belfry windows. ... 96 Lug
A. projecting piece, as A, to which anything is attached, or against which another part, like B, is held. ... 97 M-roof
A kind of roof formed by the junction of two common roofs with a valley between them, so the section resembles the letter M. ... 98 Mansard Roof
A hipped curb roof, that is, a roof having on all sides two slopes, the lower one, A, being steeper than the upper portion or deck. ... 99 Newel Post
The upright post at the foot of a stairway, to which the railing is attached. ... A Full Kit Of Tools
A kit of tools necessary for doing any plain work should embrace the following: <blockquote> 1. A Hatchet.<br> 2. A Claw Hammer—two sizes preferred.<br> 3. Cross-cut Saw, 20 inches long.<br> 4. Rip Saw, 24 inches long.<br> ... A True Perspective Of A Cube
Fig. 142 shows a true perspective—that is, it is true from the measurement standpoint. It is what is called an <em>isometrical</em> view, or a figure in which all the lines not only are of equal length, but the parallel lines are all spaced a... About Saws
There are four well-defined kinds. First, a long, flat saw, for cross-cutting. Second, a slightly larger saw for ripping purposes. Third, a back saw, with a rib on the rear edge to hold the blade rigid, used for making tenons; and, fourth, a compass... Advantages Of Wood Turning
This is not, strictly, in the carpenter's domain; but a knowledge of its use will be of great service in the trade, and particularly in cabinet making. I urge the ingenious youth to rig up a wood-turning lathe, for the reason that it is a tool easil... Analysis Of Line Shading
In the demonstration of this work I shall give an analysis of the simple lines formed, showing the terms used to designate the lines, curves, and formations, so that when any work is laid out the beginner will be able, with this glossary before him,... Angle Dividers
This is another tool, which does not cost much and is of great service to the carpenter in fitting moldings where they are applied at odd angles. To lay out the cut with an ordinary bevel necessitates the use of dividers and a second handling of ... Angles For Holding Planes
Before commencing to plane a board, always observe the direction in which the grain of the wood runs. This precaution will save many a piece of material, because if the jack plane is set deep it will run into the wood and cause a rough surface, whic... Applying Molding
Let Fig. 197 represent the front, top and bottom of our cabinet; and the first thing we shall do is to add a base (A) and a cap (B). Now, commencing at the top, suppose we utilize the simplest form of molding, the band. This we may make of any desir... Base Embellishments
In like manner (Fig. 204) the base may have the casement type first attached in the corner, and then the ovolo, or the astragal added, as in Fig. 203. <div> <table summary="Fig 200/202" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="60%"> ... Beading
This part of the work pertains to surface finishings, and may or may not be used in connection with rabbeting. Figs. 214 and 215 show the simplest and most generally adopted forms in which it is made and used in connection with rabbeting, or with th... Beauty Not Ornamentation
The boy, in his early training, should learn this fundamental truth, that beauty, architecturally, does not depend upon ornamentation. Some of the most beautiful structures in the world are very plain. Beauty consists in proportions, in proper cor... Beveling And Mitering
There is a difference in the terms "beveling" and "mitering," as used in the art. In Fig. 42 the joint A is <em>beveled</em>, and in Fig. 43 the joint B is <em>mitered</em>, the difference being that a bevel is applied to an angle joint like a box c... Bit And Level Adjuster
It is frequently necessary to bore holes at certain angles. This can be done by using a bevel square, and holding it so one limb will show the boring angle. But this is difficult to do in many cases. <div> <img src="/images/fig266.jpg" alt="Fig. 266... Bit Braces
These tools are now made with so many improved features that there is really no excuse for getting poor tools. The illustrations show merely the heads and the lower operating parts of the tools. Fig. 271 shows a metal-clad ball-bearing head, so ca... Braces
It would also be well, in putting up the studding, to use plenty of braces, although for a one-story building this is not so essential as in two-story structures, because the weather boarding serves as a system of bracing. <div> <img src="/images/fi... Bridges
Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master... Building Plans
We must first have a plan; and the real carpenter must have the ability to plan as well as to do the work. We want a five-room house, comprising a parlor, dining room, two bedrooms, a kitchen and a bathroom. Just a modest little home, to which we ca... Bungalow Types
If you will take up any book on bungalow work and note the outlines of the views you will see that the roof forms the main element or theme. In fact, in most buildings of this kind everything is submerged but the roof and roof details. They are made...