Centering Blocks
: WOOD TURNINGNext provide a 4" × 4" piece (G), 40 inches long, through which bore a ¾-inch hole (8), 2 inches from the upper end, and four bolt holes at right angles to the shaft hole (8). Then, with a saw split down this bearing, as shown at 9, to a point 4 inches from the end. Ten inches below the upper end prepare two cross gains (10), each an inch deep and four inches wide. In these gains are placed the top rails (A), so the bolt holes in the gains (10) will coincide wit
Fig. 242. Tail Stock. Then make a block (H) 2" × 4", and 6 inches long. This also must have a shaft hole (B), and a saw kerf (14), similar to the arrangement on the upper end of the post (G); also bore four bolt holes, as shown. This block rests between the upper ends of the lugs (C).
Another block (I), 2" × 4", and 6 feet long, with four bolt holes, will be required for the tail end of the frame, to keep the rails (A) two inches apart at that end.
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98 Mansard Roof
A hipped curb roof, that is, a roof having on all sides two slopes, the lower one, A, being steeper than the upper portion or deck. ... 99 Newel Post
The upright post at the foot of a stairway, to which the railing is attached. ... A Full Kit Of Tools
A kit of tools necessary for doing any plain work should embrace the following: <blockquote> 1. A Hatchet.<br> 2. A Claw Hammer—two sizes preferred.<br> 3. Cross-cut Saw, 20 inches long.<br> 4. Rip Saw, 24 inches long.<br> ... A True Perspective Of A Cube
Fig. 142 shows a true perspective—that is, it is true from the measurement standpoint. It is what is called an <em>isometrical</em> view, or a figure in which all the lines not only are of equal length, but the parallel lines are all spaced a... About Saws
There are four well-defined kinds. First, a long, flat saw, for cross-cutting. Second, a slightly larger saw for ripping purposes. Third, a back saw, with a rib on the rear edge to hold the blade rigid, used for making tenons; and, fourth, a compass... Advantages Of Wood Turning
This is not, strictly, in the carpenter's domain; but a knowledge of its use will be of great service in the trade, and particularly in cabinet making. I urge the ingenious youth to rig up a wood-turning lathe, for the reason that it is a tool easil... Analysis Of Line Shading
In the demonstration of this work I shall give an analysis of the simple lines formed, showing the terms used to designate the lines, curves, and formations, so that when any work is laid out the beginner will be able, with this glossary before him,... Angle Dividers
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Before commencing to plane a board, always observe the direction in which the grain of the wood runs. This precaution will save many a piece of material, because if the jack plane is set deep it will run into the wood and cause a rough surface, whic... Applying Molding
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In like manner (Fig. 204) the base may have the casement type first attached in the corner, and then the ovolo, or the astragal added, as in Fig. 203. <div> <table summary="Fig 200/202" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="60%"> ... Beading
This part of the work pertains to surface finishings, and may or may not be used in connection with rabbeting. Figs. 214 and 215 show the simplest and most generally adopted forms in which it is made and used in connection with rabbeting, or with th... Beauty Not Ornamentation
The boy, in his early training, should learn this fundamental truth, that beauty, architecturally, does not depend upon ornamentation. Some of the most beautiful structures in the world are very plain. Beauty consists in proportions, in proper cor... Beveling And Mitering
There is a difference in the terms "beveling" and "mitering," as used in the art. In Fig. 42 the joint A is <em>beveled</em>, and in Fig. 43 the joint B is <em>mitered</em>, the difference being that a bevel is applied to an angle joint like a box c... Bit And Level Adjuster
It is frequently necessary to bore holes at certain angles. This can be done by using a bevel square, and holding it so one limb will show the boring angle. But this is difficult to do in many cases. <div> <img src="/images/fig266.jpg" alt="Fig. 266... Bit Braces
These tools are now made with so many improved features that there is really no excuse for getting poor tools. The illustrations show merely the heads and the lower operating parts of the tools. Fig. 271 shows a metal-clad ball-bearing head, so ca... Braces
It would also be well, in putting up the studding, to use plenty of braces, although for a one-story building this is not so essential as in two-story structures, because the weather boarding serves as a system of bracing. <div> <img src="/images/fi... Bridges
Bridge building is not, strictly, a part of the carpenter's education at the present day, because most structures of this kind are now built of steel; but there are certain principles involved in bridge construction which the carpenter should master... Building Plans
We must first have a plan; and the real carpenter must have the ability to plan as well as to do the work. We want a five-room house, comprising a parlor, dining room, two bedrooms, a kitchen and a bathroom. Just a modest little home, to which we ca... Bungalow Types
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In the making of cabinets, sideboards, dressers and like articles, the ingenious boy will find a wonderful field for designing ability, because in these articles fancy alone dictates the sizes and the dimensions of the parts. Not so with chairs and ... Care Of Tools
Dull tools indicate the character of the workman. In an experience of over forty years, I have never known a good workman to keep poorly sharpened tools. While it is true that the capacity to sharpen tools can be acquired only by practice, correct h... Ceiling Joists
We are now ready for the ceiling joists, which are, usually, 2" × 6", unless there is an upper floor. These are laid 16 inches apart from center to center, preferably parallel with the floor joist. It should be borne in mind that the... Centering Blocks
Next provide a 4" × 4" piece (G), 40 inches long, through which bore a ¾-inch hole (8), 2 inches from the upper end, and four bolt holes at right angles to the shaft hole (8). Then, with a saw split down this bearing, as show... Chamfered Tenons
The object of these chamfered or beveled tenons is to permit the ends to approach each other closely within the mortise, as shown in the assembled parts (Fig. 36). ... Chisels
Two kinds are found in every kit—one called the firmer (Fig. 7) and the mortising chisel. The firmer has a flat body or blade, and a full set ranges in width from three-eighths of an inch to two inches. The sizes most desirable and useful ar... Chisels
I have already pointed out, in general, how to hold tools for grinding purposes, this description applying particularly to chisels, but several additional things may be added. Always be careful to grind the chisel so its cutting edge is square with ... Circles And Curves
Circles, and, in fact, all forms of curved work, are the most difficult for beginners. The simplest figure is the circle, which, if it represents a raised surface, is provided with a heavy line on the lower right-hand side, as in Fig. 146; but the p... Colonial Type
For real beauty, on a larger scale, there is nothing to-day which equals the old Colonial type with the Corinthian columns and entablature. The Lee mansion, now the National Cemetery, at Washington, is a fine example. Such houses are usually square ... Common Trusses
One form is shown in Fig. 235, with a vertical king post. In Fig. 236 there are two vertical supporting members, called queen posts, used in longer structures. Both of these forms are equally well adapted for small bridges or for roof supports. ... Concave Surfaces
In Fig. 126 the shading lines commence at the upper margin, and are heaviest there, the lines gradually growing thinner and farther apart. ... Concrete Examples Of Work
A concrete example of doing any work is more valuable than an abstract statement. For this purpose I shall direct the building of a common table with a drawer in it and show how the work is done in detail. For convenience let us adopt the Mission st... Conventional Styles
Now, if you wish to depart from the conventional style of making a table you may make variations in the design. For instance, the Chippendale style means slender legs and thin top. It involves some fanciful designs in the curved outlines of the top,... Convex Surfaces
In Fig. 127 the shading is very light along the upper margin, and heavy at the lower margin. The first shaded figure, therefore, represents a concaved surface, and the second figure a convex surface. But why? Simply for the reason that in drawings... Correct Way To Hold Tool For Grinding
There is a correct way to hold each tool; see illustration (Fig. 17). The left hand should grasp the tool firmly, near the sharp edge, as shown, and the right hand should loosely hold the tool behind the left hand. There is a reason for this which... Cross-cuts
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In cutting out the intervening spaces, which should be done with a sharp chisel, care should be observed not to cut over the shoulder lines. To prevent mistakes you should put some distinctive mark on each part to be cut away. In this instance E, H ... Definition Of Degree
A degree is not a measure, as we would designate a foot or a pound to determine distance or quantity. It is used to denote a division, space, interval or position. To illustrate, look at the circle, Fig. 51. The four cardinal points are formed by th... Definitions
The following figures show the various geometrical forms and their definitions: <div> <img src="/images/fig151_165.jpg" alt="Fig. 151.-Fig. 165." title="" height="640" width="104" /> </div> 151. <em>Abscissa.</em>—The point in a curve, A, which ... Degrees Without A Compass
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When a certain article is to be made, the first consideration is, how the joint or joints shall be made. The general rule for using the tenon and mortise is where two parts are joined wherein the grains of the two members run at right angles to ea... Determining Angles
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Different woods are not worked with equal facility by all the tools. Oak is an easy wood to handle with a saw, but is, probably, aside from ash, the most difficult wood known to plane. Ash is hard for the saw or the plane. On the other hand, ther... Diversified Uses
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It is in the laying out of the more complicated dovetail joints that the highest skill is required, because exactness is of more importance in this work than in any other article in joinery. In order to do this work accurately follow out the example...